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Leadership Strategies for achieving sustainable Peace and Security within the African Continent

                   

As my cuts and bruises were been treated, I couldn’t help but recount how a journey I had often undertaken in the past with little or no concerns was brought to an abrupt end with many sustaining varying degree of injury; on an interstate journey my bus had been ambushed by “herds-men”.

“Too often we attempt to measure progress by statistical aggregates and technical prowess. We thereby tend to overlook that the main goal of life is to ensure survival and enable everyone to realize his full potential for well-being, fulfillment, and accomplishment in happiness, joy, love, and contentment” these were the words of  Olusegun Obasanjo.
This premise was further strengthened in 2014 as at the time Nigeria recorded an astronomical growth in GDP, growing to become the largest economy in Africa while about 20,000 square miles of its territory was under the control of the boko haram terrorist group.1
The concept of peace and security are two sides of the same coin, as one can’t exist without the other. Peace and security of life and property are recognized globally as the necessary conditions for sustainable progress and development of any society and a major responsibility of the Government. Security can be broadly defined as the state of being free from danger or threat. It could also be defined as the act of feeling safe, stable, and free from fear or anxiety.2 Peace on the other hand is a positive product of security. It can be defined as freedom from disturbance or dissension.3
Africa is made up of five regions and each region has had its fair share of turmoil from apartheid regime in the South to rebel situations in the North. Take for example the West African region; among the fifteen states that make up the ECOWAS today- Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo- a good number of them are among the poorest countries in the world. West Africa is also the most coup prone sub-region in Africa: in the last 60 years, the sub region comprising less than a third of the continent’s states has seen more than 40 coups.
Nigeria, Niger, Cameroun and Chad have been affected by Boko Haram, a terrorist group recognized as one of the four deadliest terrorists groups in the World,4 and responsible for the death of more than 20,000 people and displacement of over 2.3 million people across these four countries.5 The presence of insecurity precipitating factors such as poorly developed democratic political systems, poverty, inequality, political and social exclusion, and distorted value system among others has manifested itself as terrorism and extremism, ethnic-religious crisis, political violence and communal clashes in Africa.
Poverty in Africa is predominantly rural. More than 70 per cent of the continent’s poor people live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for food and livelihood.6 As a leader; I would strive to reduce the poverty level by offering farmers improved irrigation, access to credit and land, machinery and improved crop varieties. This can be achieved through strengthening of traditional thrift societies, agricultural extension services and setting up savings and insurance scheme. Working with non-governmental organizations who have already set up presence in these areas but are limited by funds would eliminate unnecessary bureaucratic process and increase productivity in the shortest possible time.
Also social safety nets, which tends to the needs of the poorest households as an immediate short-run solution would be deployed. In Nigeria a system which ensures a monthly cash transfer of about $15 to the poorest households has been put in place. Of course a long-run solution is providing an environment where sustainable development can thrive but deployment of short-run solutions would make these families less susceptible to be used as a tool.
Insecurity can very easily transcend boarders and more often a strong coalition of neighboring countries is needed to ensure peace and security is maintained through gathering and sharing of intelligence. Like Yahya Jammeh once said “When your neighbor’s house is on fire, you should help with a bucket of water”
The role ECOWAS played in various peace keeping missions within the region and most recently its role in ensuring  peaceful transition of power in the Gambia following the defeat of the incumbent at the polls is an indication of not only the security gains of such coalition but also the role it plays in strengthening the democratic process in Africa. It is also essential that Countries within the region and beyond cooperate with one another not only for security benefit but also for economic growth. In 2007 Nigeria supplied Ghana with about 80 megawatts of electricity to help with its energy crisis,7 the SADC trade protocol and special arrangement on trade in sugar and textile has encouraged the growth of these sectors in the region.
As a leader I would support such coalitions and greatly discourage situations were a country by virtue of its geographical location seeks to become a member of more than one regional coalition as this could lead to conflicting trade arrangements, huge financial responsibility and hamper the individual coalitions from achieving its goals as members might have conflicting interests.
In other for our democratic system to develop properly, the executive, judiciary and legislative arms of government must be independent but function as a unit for the development of the country.
Law enforcement institutions must run free from political manipulations and its affairs insulated from political instabilities. Stringent laws and penalties would be put in place through legislature to ensure that politicians that fan the embers of religious and ethnic divide in order to instigate violence, gain popularity or whom place personal interest over public good are made to face jail time or barred from running for public office as deterrent. Nigeria for one has experienced its fair share of ethnic and religious induced crisis which has often resulted in loss of lives and property. Politicians are quick to wipe up ethnic sentiments in order to win at the polls, but after the election a country greatly divided along ethnic and religious lines cannot achieve any meaningful development, as polity is tensed and every policy is received with a bit of skepticism as it’s evident in Nigeria presently.

Lastly, I would encourage a national reorientation program to be inculcated into the educational curricular. Citizens from a young age must be taught the values of hard work, made to understand the benefits of a successful society, the need for peaceful cohesion, the need for security and respect of life and property. That way citizen would be able to harness their anger about societal failings to champion positive change. Gandhi also noted the gains of harnessing anger as a powerful force for justice: "I have learned through bitter experience the one supreme lesson to conserve my anger, and as heat conserved is transmuted into energy, even so, our anger controlled can be transmuted into a power which can move the world."

My cuts and bruises have healed and I have channeled my anger towards making positive change, in my little place, I will put in my best in all I do in order to help build an egalitarian society.

The piece was for the UONGOZI Leadership essay 2017..

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